The research of traditional comparative law is limited to the knowledge system of law, so it is difficult to make new breakthroughs. From the perspective of modern social theory, we will find that comparative law, especially macro comparative law, is closely related to modernity. Specifically, the rise of comparative law, the plight of comparative law, and important issues of comparative law can all be addressed deeply reflect on the background of modern social theory. In the current era of globalization with decentralization of the West, the emerging theory of plural modernity helps to comprehensively update and reconstruct the research methods and paradigms of macro comparative jurisprudence in the context of civilized transformation.